![]() ![]() Since the bank angle is 90 degrees and the firing forces occur in 90-degree intervals, the cross-plane V-8 also manages to balance all three of the forces.Ī 60-degree V-6 engine isn’t quite as successful. To balance the firing force, a cylinder has to fire every time the crankshaft rotates 90 degrees. The flat-four, in fact, balances all three of the different types of forces.Ī cross-plane, 90-degree V-8 has balanced rotational and reciprocating forces because it is a lot like four of the balanced 90-degree V-2s shown in the aforementioned illustration. The flat-four fires at 180-degree intervals, and its V angle is 180 degrees, which leads to a balance of firing forces. Having firing events that occur in equal increments, as in this instance, is best for balance. If you divide that by the number of cylinders, you get a figure that represents the optimal degrees of crankshaft rotation between cylinder firings.įor example, a four-cylinder would like to fire at every 180 degrees of crankshaft rotation (720/4=180). In a four-stroke engine, an individual piston fires every 720 degrees (two crankshaft rotations). And there’s an equation to help determine which configurations will work best. The angle of the V is critical to the third force Hoag cites, the firing force. ![]() To counter the rotational and reciprocating forces, the cylinders in one bank move in exact opposition to those of the other, thereby completely canceling the forces created by each. A flat (“180-degree V”) engine, such as a Subaru four-cylinder, also can be perfectly balanced. ![]()
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